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Industry Glossary

Below, you will find a list of terms commonly used in our industry and their definitions. If you would like clarification, please feel free to contact us to learn more.

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O
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T
U
V

A

Accident

An event involving a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) that results in a fatality, an injury requiring immediate medical treatment away from the crash site, or one or more vehicles being disabled. The term "crash" can be used interchangeably with "accident".

Events involving boarding or exiting a stationary vehicle, or loading and unloading cargo, are not considered accidents.
Acute Noncompliance

Refers to a violation or violations that require a carrier to take immediate corrective actions, regardless of its overall safety posture.

Alcohol

The intoxicating agent found in beverage alcohol, ethyl alcohol, or other low molecular weight alcohols such as methyl and isopropyl alcohol.

Audit

A safety review of a motor carrier's records conducted by the Department of Transportation (DOT). The audit ensures the carrier complies with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs).

B

Biennial Update (MCS-150)

The requirement for motor carriers, freight forwarders, and brokers to update their information with the FMCSA every two years. Needed to receive a USDOT Number.

Bill of Lading (BOL)

A crucial document in freight transportation that serves as a contract between the shipper and the carrier, a receipt for goods, and a document of title.

Brake Inspector

Any employee responsible for making sure that all brake inspections, maintenance, service, or repairs meet federal standards.

C

Class One Motor Carrier

A carrier with combined annual interstate and intrastate revenues of $10 million or more.

Class Two Motor Carrier

A carrier with combined annual interstate and intrastate revenues between $3 million and $10 million.

Class Three Motor Carrier

A carrier with combined annual interstate and intrastate revenues of less than $3 million.

Coercion

A threat or act by an individual to withhold business, work opportunities, or take an adverse employment action against another person to make them violate rules or regulations.

Commercial Driver's License (CDL)

A type of driver's license necessary to operate large, heavy, or placarded hazardous material vehicles for commercial purposes in the U.S. A CDL requires a higher level of knowledge, skills, experience, and physical ability than a non-commercial driver's license.

CDL holders are held to a higher standard when driving any vehicle on public roads.
Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV)

A self-propelled or towed motor vehicle used on a highway in interstate commerce to transport passengers or property. A CMV meets one or more specific criteria including weight ratings, passenger capacity, or hazardous materials transport.

Compliance

Adherence to the rules, regulations, laws, and standards set by institutions such as the FMCSA, the DOT, the DMV, and other governmental agencies. Areas of compliance include hours of service, vehicle maintenance, hazardous material transportation, and emissions standards.

Controlled Substance

Substances identified in 49 CFR 40.85. FMCSA rules require urinalysis testing for five specific drugs: marijuana, cocaine, opiates, amphetamines, and phencyclidine (PCP).

D

Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)

The government entity that handles driver licensing, vehicle registration, and related motor vehicle services.

Disqualification

The suspension, revocation, or cancellation of a CDL.

Drug & Alcohol Clearinghouse

A federal database of CDL holders who have violated FMCSA drug and alcohol testing program requirements. This is critical for compliance.

E

Electronic Logging Device (ELD)

An electronic hardware device that attaches to a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) engine, or software for mobile phones and tablets, used to record driving hours and hours of service (HOS).

Employer Identification Number (EIN)

A unique nine-digit number assigned by the IRS to business entities in the U.S. for identification purposes. It is formatted as XX-XXXXXXX.

Entry-Level Driver

A driver who has less than one year of experience operating a CMV with a CDL in interstate commerce.

F

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)

The organization within the DOT that works to prevent commercial vehicle-related injuries and fatalities through safety regulations and information systems.

For-Hire Carrier

A person or company that transports goods or passengers for compensation. For-hire carriers need to obtain an operating authority (MC number) in addition to a U.S. DOT number.

Form 2290 (Heavy Highway Vehicle Use Tax Form)

An annual federal tax imposed on heavy highway vehicles with a gross taxable weight of 55,000 pounds or more. This is a key compliance document.

H

Hazardous Materials Endorsement (HME)

The specific endorsement on a CDL required to transport hazardous materials.

Hours of Service (HOS)

The maximum amount of time drivers are allowed to be on duty, including driving time. HOS regulations also specify the number and length of rest periods to help ensure drivers stay awake and alert.

I

International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA)

An agreement that provides a uniform way to administer motor fuel tax collection and laws for apportioned vehicles that travel in multiple member jurisdictions.

International Registration Plan (IRP)

A program for licensing commercial vehicles that operate in interstate commerce among member jurisdictions. The IRP is a registration agreement among the 48 contiguous U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and 10 Canadian provinces.

Interstate Commerce

Trade, traffic, or transportation between a place in a state and a place outside that state (including outside the U.S.), or between two places in a state through another state or outside the U.S.

J

L

Longer Combination Vehicle (LCV)

Any combination of a truck-tractor and two or more trailers or semi-trailers that operates on the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. The gross vehicle weight must be greater than 80,000 pounds.

M

Motor Carrier Number (MC Number)

An identifying license granted to carriers by the FMCSA. Companies that operate as for-hire carriers, transport passengers in interstate commerce, or transport federally-regulated commodities or arrange for their transport, are required to have an MC number in addition to a DOT number.

Motor Vehicle Record (MVR)

Also known as a driving record, this is the history of your time behind the wheel as recorded by your state's department of motor vehicles. An MVR includes any moving violations, traffic tickets, and accidents you've had during a specific time period or throughout your entire driving history.

N

New Entrant

A motor carrier not based in Mexico that applies for a U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) identification number to start operations. A carrier is considered a new entrant for its first 18 months and must complete the New Entrant Safety Assurance Program.

Notice of Claim

A formal notice indicating that violations are severe enough to warrant a civil penalty.

Notice of Violation

A formal notice that violations are severe enough to warrant formal action but not civil penalties. The carrier must take corrective action and provide evidence of it, or contest the violations, to avoid further intervention from the FMCSA.

O

Off Duty

Any time a driver is free of responsibility for a CMV, is not performing or expected to perform work, and is free to leave the premises to pursue other activities.

On Duty

All time from when a driver begins compensated work, or is required to be ready to work, until they are relieved of all work responsibilities.

Operating Authority

Dictates the type of operation a company can run and the cargo it can carry. Some carriers must obtain operating authority in addition to registering with the FMCSA (getting a U.S. DOT Number).

Owner-Operator

A person who operates a CMV under their own authority (U.S. DOT Number), serving as both a motor carrier and a self-employed driver.

P

Pre-Employment Screening Program (PSP)

A program that gives carriers, individual drivers, and industry service providers access to commercial drivers' safety records from the FMCSA's Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS).

Proof of Delivery (POD)

The paperwork that confirms a load has been delivered. It usually requires a legible signature from the accepting party, along with a date and time stamp.

Public Liability

A motor carrier's responsibility for bodily injury, property damage, and environmental restoration after an accident.

R

Roadside Inspection

A type of inspection that may be conducted at various locations, such as weigh stations, border checkpoints, bus terminals, or when a law enforcement official stops a CMV.

S

Safety Audit

An examination of a motor carrier's operations to provide technical and educational assistance on safety and operational requirements. Safety audits are used to gather safety data to assess a carrier's safety performance and basic safety management controls.

Safety Rating

An evaluation of a motor carrier's safety performance that is available to both the carrier and the public. The FMCSA issues one of three safety ratings: Satisfactory, Conditional, or Unsatisfactory.

Standard Carrier Alpha Code (SCAC)

A unique 2-4 letter code used to identify transportation and trucking companies.

T

Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC)

The credential needed to access secure areas of facilities regulated by the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA).

U

Unified Carrier Registration (UCR)

A federally mandated program enforced by participating states. Any motor carrier that operates in interstate or international commerce is subject to the Unified Carrier Registration Agreement (UCRA) fees.

U.S. DOT Number

According to the FMCSA, the USDOT Number is a unique identifier used to collect and monitor a company's safety information during audits, compliance reviews, crash investigations, and inspections.

V

Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)

A unique number assigned by the manufacturer to each vehicle. The VIN appears on all registration and title paperwork.

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